The Science Behind Mango
Mangoes are nutrient powerhouses, offering a diverse range of macronutrients and micronutrients. A 1-cup serving (approximately 165 grams) of sliced mango contains roughly 99 calories, primarily from carbohydrates (approximately 25 grams), with a small amount of protein (approximately 1 gram) and negligible fat (less than 1 gram). The carbohydrate content comes mainly from natural sugars like fructose, glucose, and sucrose.
Nutrition research indicates mangoes are rich in Vitamin C, providing around 67% of the Daily Value (DV) per cup. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that supports immune function, collagen synthesis, and iron absorption. Mangoes are also an excellent source of Vitamin A, offering about 10% of the DV, crucial for vision, skin health, and immune function. Other significant micronutrients include folate, vitamin B6, vitamin K, and potassium.
Clinical studies show mangoes contain various polyphenol antioxidants, including mangiferin, quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, and benzoic acid. Mangiferin, in particular, stands out for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even potential anti-diabetic properties. Research suggests mangiferin may help protect against oxidative stress and cellular damage.
The Glycemic Index (GI) of mango ranges from 51 to 56, classifying it as a medium GI fruit. This means that mango consumption can lead to a moderate rise in blood sugar levels. However, the Glycemic Load (GL), which takes into account portion size, is more relevant. A 1-cup serving of mango has a GL of around 11, considered low to medium. The fiber content of mangoes (approximately 2.6 grams per cup) also contributes to a slower glucose absorption rate, mitigating the blood sugar spike.
The digestion of mangoes is relatively straightforward. The enzymes present in mangoes, such as amylases, assist in breaking down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, easing digestion. The fiber content promotes gut health by supporting beneficial gut bacteria and promoting regular bowel movements. However, individuals with fructose malabsorption may experience digestive discomfort due to the high fructose content.
From a metabolic perspective, the vitamins and antioxidants in mangoes play crucial roles in various metabolic processes. Vitamin B6 is involved in protein and carbohydrate metabolism, while Vitamin C aids in collagen synthesis and supports the function of various enzymes. The potassium content is essential for maintaining healthy blood pressure and fluid balance.
