The Science Behind Mango
Mangoes are a nutritional powerhouse, packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. A 1-cup (approximately 165g) serving of sliced mango provides around 99 calories, primarily from carbohydrates. These carbs consist mainly of sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), contributing to its sweetness. The glycemic index (GI) of mango can vary depending on the variety and ripeness, generally ranging from 51 to 60, placing it in the low to medium GI category. This means it causes a relatively moderate rise in blood sugar levels compared to high-GI foods.
Regarding macronutrients, mangoes contain approximately 1.4 grams of protein and 0.6 grams of fat per cup. While the protein content is modest, the fruit is an excellent source of various micronutrients. It's exceptionally rich in Vitamin C, providing about 67% of the daily value (DV) in a single cup. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant that supports immune function, collagen production, and iron absorption. Mangoes are also a good source of Vitamin A (10% DV), crucial for vision, immune function, and cell growth, and folate (18% DV), essential for cell division and DNA synthesis.
Furthermore, mangoes contain significant amounts of copper (11% DV), which plays a role in energy production and iron metabolism, and potassium (6% DV), an electrolyte important for maintaining healthy blood pressure. The fruit also boasts a respectable fiber content (3 grams per cup), promoting digestive health, satiety, and blood sugar control.
Beyond vitamins and minerals, mangoes are abundant in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and carotenoids. Mangiferin, a unique polyphenol found in mangoes, exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. Nutrition research indicates that mangiferin may improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Clinical studies show that mango consumption can increase antioxidant capacity in the body, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. The vibrant color of mangoes is due to their high carotenoid content, particularly beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, which are precursors to Vitamin A. These compounds also possess antioxidant properties and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The digestion speed of mango is moderate due to its fiber and sugar content. The sugars are readily absorbed, providing a quick energy boost, while the fiber slows down the absorption, preventing rapid blood sugar spikes. The metabolic impact of mangoes is primarily determined by its carbohydrate content. Overconsumption, especially in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism, can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potential weight gain. However, when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet, mangoes can contribute to overall health and well-being.
