The Science Behind Walnuts
Walnuts are nutritional powerhouses. A 1-ounce (28 grams, about 14 halves) serving contains approximately 185 calories, 4.3 grams of protein, 18.5 grams of fat (mostly polyunsaturated and monounsaturated), 3.9 grams of carbohydrates, and 1.9 grams of fiber. The fat composition is particularly noteworthy, with a high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid. Clinical studies show that ALA contributes to cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and improving cholesterol levels. The GI index of walnuts is very low, estimated to be around 15, indicating a minimal impact on blood sugar levels. This slow digestion is primarily due to the high fiber and fat content, which promotes satiety and prevents rapid glucose absorption.
Walnuts are also rich in several micronutrients. They are an excellent source of copper (0.5mg per ounce, 56% DV), manganese (1mg per ounce, 43% DV), magnesium (45mg per ounce, 11% DV), and phosphorus (98mg per ounce, 14% DV). These minerals play critical roles in bone health, nerve function, and energy production. They contain a variety of B vitamins, including folate (28mcg per ounce, 7% DV), thiamin (0.1mg per ounce, 8% DV), and vitamin B6 (0.1mg per ounce, 8% DV) essential for metabolic processes and neurological function. Nutrition research indicates that walnuts are a significant source of antioxidants, particularly polyphenols like ellagitannins. These compounds protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Walnuts are digested relatively slowly due to their high fat and fiber content, promoting a sustained release of energy and a feeling of fullness. This slower metabolic impact can aid in weight management and blood sugar control. The polyphenol content is particularly affected by roasting. Raw walnuts retain a higher concentration of bioavailable antioxidants compared to roasted varieties. Furthermore, walnuts possess prebiotics that improve gut health and thus digestion. Clinical trials have shown these prebiotics to improve the health and diversity of gut bacteria after several weeks of consumption.
