The Science Behind Soya
Soya, scientifically known as *Glycine max*, is a nutritional powerhouse offering a rich profile of macronutrients and micronutrients. Clinical studies show its potential to improve various aspects of health.
**Macronutrients:** A 100-gram serving of cooked soybeans contains approximately 173 calories. Protein comprises a significant portion, typically around 16.6 grams, making it an excellent plant-based protein source. Soya also contains about 9 grams of fat, primarily polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Carbohydrate content is around 9.9 grams, with a substantial amount of fiber (around 6 grams), contributing to satiety and digestive health.
**Micronutrients:** Soya is packed with essential vitamins and minerals. It's a good source of folate (vitamin B9), with about 37% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) per 100g serving. It also contains vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) crucial for blood clotting. Minerals include calcium (102mg), iron (5.1mg), magnesium (65mg), phosphorus (197mg), potassium (515mg), zinc (1.5mg), copper (0.6mg), and manganese (0.6mg). These minerals are essential for bone health, enzyme function, and overall well-being.
**Glycemic Index (GI):** Soya has a low glycemic index (GI) of around 16-20, depending on the specific product and processing method. This means it causes a slow and steady rise in blood sugar levels, making it a suitable option for individuals with diabetes or insulin resistance.
**Digestion Speed:** The digestion speed of soya varies based on the form. Soybeans and tofu are generally digested slower than soy milk or soy protein isolate. The fiber content in whole soybeans contributes to slower digestion and increased satiety. The protein content requires significant breakdown, further contributing to a sustained release of amino acids.
**Metabolic Impact:** Soya’s metabolic impact is largely attributed to its protein and isoflavone content. The high protein content helps boost metabolism and promote muscle growth/maintenance. Isoflavones have been shown to improve lipid profiles, reduce inflammation, and possess antioxidant properties. Nutrition research indicates that soya consumption can positively affect bone mineral density, particularly in postmenopausal women, and may reduce the risk of certain cancers like breast and prostate cancer, though further research is ongoing. However, some individuals may experience digestive discomfort from soya due to its oligosaccharide content, which can be fermented by gut bacteria, leading to gas and bloating. Soya also contains phytic acid, which can inhibit the absorption of certain minerals like zinc and iron. Soaking, sprouting, or fermenting soya can reduce phytic acid content and improve mineral bioavailability.
