The Science Behind Curd
Curd, also known as yogurt, is a fermented dairy product rich in essential nutrients. Macronutrient-wise, a 100-gram serving of plain, low-fat curd typically contains around 9-11 grams of protein, 3-5 grams of carbohydrates (mostly lactose), and 0-4 grams of fat (depending on the fat content of the milk used). The protein in curd is highly bioavailable, containing essential amino acids crucial for muscle repair and growth. Nutrition research indicates that dairy protein, in particular, whey and casein found in curd, can promote satiety and help with weight management.
Micronutrient-wise, curd is an excellent source of calcium, providing about 10-15% of the recommended daily intake per 100g serving. Calcium is vital for bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. It also contains significant amounts of phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation, particularly important for vegetarians who may have limited sources of this vitamin. Curd also contains riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3), which play crucial roles in energy metabolism.
The glycemic index (GI) of plain curd is estimated to be around 15-35, making it a low-GI food. This means it releases glucose slowly into the bloodstream, preventing rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. Clinical studies show that the fermentation process in curd reduces lactose content, making it more digestible for individuals with lactose intolerance. The live and active cultures (probiotics) present in curd, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, contribute to gut health. These probiotics help improve digestion, boost the immune system, and reduce inflammation. Research indicates that regular consumption of probiotic-rich foods like curd can positively influence the gut microbiome composition, improving overall health. The digestion speed of curd is relatively moderate, allowing for sustained release of nutrients without causing digestive distress in most individuals. However, individuals with certain digestive conditions, such as IBS or SIBO, may experience bloating or gas due to lactose or certain strains of bacteria. The metabolic impact of curd includes improved insulin sensitivity and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, as suggested by several epidemiological studies. A meta-analysis of multiple studies found that regular yogurt consumption was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the calcium and protein content in curd may contribute to increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation, supporting weight management efforts. It is important to note that sweetened varieties of curd often have a higher GI and should be consumed in moderation, especially by individuals with diabetes or those trying to lose weight.
